Petroleum occurs deep inside the surface the earth, first we extract that petroleum and then we refine it

 

What is Refining of Petroleum?

It is the process of Separating Petroleum into different products like LPG, Petrol, Diesel

It is done in a petroleum refinery.

 

Explanation

Petroleum (Crude Oil) obtained from rocks inside the earth is actually a mixture of many substances

It is refined in Refinery to obtain separately different components like Diesel, Petrol , Kerosene etc

Extraction and Refining of Petroleum to make Petroleum Products - Teachoo.jpg

 

Different Constituents or Types of Petroleum

Petroleum (Crude Oil) obtained from rocks inside the earth is actually a mixture of many substances

It is refined in Refinery to obtain separately different components like Diesel,Petrol ,Kerosene etc

These different components have different uses as shown below

 

Petrol

  1. It is used as a fuel in light weight vehicles(such as cars.motorcycle and scooters)
  2. It is used for dry cleaning

 

Diesel

  1. It is used as a fuel in heavy weight vehicles (such as buses,truck,tractors and train)
  2. It is used in pump sets for irrigation and generators

 

Kerosene

  1. It is used as a fuel in stoves for cooking food
  2. It is used in lanterns for lighting
  3. Special grade kerosene oil is used as a fuel in aviation

 

Lubricating Oil

  1. It is used for lubricating machines and car engines



LPG          

  1. Used in homes as a cooking gas

 

Paraffin Wax

  1. It is used to make candles,vaseline,Ointments and grease

 

Bitumen

  1. It is used for making road surfacing
  2. It is used for making black paints
  3. It is used for water-proofing the roofs

 

Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses  

 

Constituents of Petroleum

Uses

Petrol

Used as fuel for light vehicles like cars, solvent for dry cleaning

Diesel

Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric generators

Kerosene

Fuel for stoves, in lamps and as aviation fuel for jet aircrafts

LPG

Fuel for home and industry

Lubricating oil

Used for Lubrication in machines and engines

Paraffin wax

Ointments, candles, vaseline etc.

Bitumen

Used to surface roads, and in making black Paints

 

Questions

NCERT Question 2 - Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

View Answer

 

NCERT Question 4 (b) - Fill in the blanks.

Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called _________.

View Answer

 

NCERT Question 5 (e) - Tick True/False against the following statements. 

Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T/F)

View Answer

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Maninder Singh

CA Maninder Singh is a Chartered Accountant for the past 14 years and a teacher from the past 18 years. He teaches Science, Economics, Accounting and English at Teachoo