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Different diseases caused by different microorganisms are
|
Microorganisms Name |
Disease Caused |
|
Bacteria |
Cholera,Typhoid,TB (Tuberculosis) |
|
Fungi |
Ringworm and Athlete's food |
|
Protozoa |
Dysentery,Malaria |
|
Algae |
N/A |
|
Virus |
Polio ,Chicken Pox, Hepatitis,Aids |
Some diseases are spread from an infected person to a healthy person. They can be spread through air, water, food, physical contact
Such diseases are called communicable diseases
Example - Cholera, Cold, Chicken pox
How do Pathogens cause communicable disease?
When a person suffering from cold sneezes,drops of moisture are spread in air. These drops contain thousands of virus,
When it reaches healthy person,he gets infected
These can also be spread by
- Physical contact(Touching an inected person)
- Water(Drinking water from Same Utensil)
- Food(Eating food from same utensil)
What are carriers of Disease causing microbes?
Some insects and animals carry harmful microorganisms (pathogens) on them
Example
Housefly
They sit on garbage and waste
Harmful micro organsims called pathogens stick to their body
When they later sit on food,they drop these pathogens on food
When person eats this food,pathogens enter body and cause diseases
Mosquito
Mosquito’s cause diseases like malaria or dengue.
Female Aedes mosquito acts as carrier of dengue virus
Female Anopheles mosquito acts as carrier of malaria parasite(plasmodium)
When they bite human being,they transfer this virus/parasite in human being causing disease
How to Prevent Different Diseases caused by Microorganisms
|
DISEASE NAME |
CAUSED BY |
HOW TO PREVENT |
|
Malaria |
It is caused by Protozoa It is transmitted by Mosquito |
|
|
Dengue |
It is caused by Virus.
|
|
|
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B |
They are caused by Virus They are transmitted by Water |
Drink Boiled Water (boiling kills microorganisms) Vaccination should be done |
|
Cholera and Typhoid |
They are caused by bacteria Typhoid is transmitted by water Cholera is transmitted by both food and water |
Maintain good personal hygiene Boil water Eat properly cooked food |
|
Tuberculosis |
They are caused by bacteria.
|
It is a communicable disease So keep patient in isolation Keep belongings of patient separate Vaccines should also be given |
|
Measles |
They are caused by virus.
|
|
|
Chicken Pox |
They are caused by virus.
|
|
|
Polio |
They are caused by virus
|
Questions
NCERT Question 1 (d) - Cholera is caused by __________.
NCERT Question 2 (d) - Tick the correct answer:
The most common carrier of communicable diseases is
(i) ant (ii) housefly (iii) dragonfly (iv) spider
NCERT Question 3 - Match the organisms in Column I with their action in Column II
|
Column II |
Column II |
|
(i) Bacteria |
(a) Fixing Nitrogen |
|
(ii) Rhizobium |
(b) Setting of curd |
|
(iii) Lactobacillus |
(c) Baking of bread |
|
(iv) Yeast |
(d) Causing Malaria |
|
(v) A protozoan |
(e) Causing Cholera |
|
(vi) A Virus |
(f) Causing AIDS |
|
(g) Producing antibodies |
NCERT Question 8 - Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms
NCERT Question 5 - What are the major groups of microorganisms?
NCERT Question 2 (c) - Tick the correct answer:
Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is
(i) female Anopheles mosquito (ii) cockroach
(iii) housefly (iv) butterfly
