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Meaning
- Human development means the development of an individual through raising the level of their well-being to lead a purposeful and creative life.
- The focus on human development concentrates on indicators concerning health, longevity and literacy in addition to per capita income.
Human Development Index (HDI)
- Human Development Index is the quality of life index prepared by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) .
- Through Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators , is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
COMPONENTS OF HDI
The main indicators used by UNDP for measuring development are-
- Adult Literacy Rate- means the proportion of the literate population in the 15 and above age group.
- Gross Enrollment Rate - means enrollment ratio for primary school, secondary school, and higher education beyond secondary school.
- Life Expectancy at Birth- It denotes the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth
Adding all the three indicators and dividing by 3, gives the human development index:
HDI is sum of LE index + GER index + PCI and divided by 3
Where,
HDI = Human Development Index
PCI = Per Capita Income
LE = Life Expectancy
GER = Gross Enrolment Ratio
SIGNIFICANCE OF HDI AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT-
- HDI indicates to a country how far it has reached and how far it has yet to reach to achieve high ranks in matters such as per capita income of the people.
- With that, other factors like life expectancy , literacy rate , and health status are also considered.
Human Development Report (HDR)
How is economic development different from Human Development ?
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Economic Development |
Human Development |
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It refers to quantitative growth taking place in an economy measured through an increase in the production of goods and services during a year . |
Human Development Report published by UNDP revolves around qualitative growth of a country in comparison to other countries using indicators like educational level of people, their health status, and per capita income. |
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It is measured on the basis of National and Per Capita income. |
It is measured as a cumulative index of -
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It is narrow in scope. |
It is broader in scope. |
