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- The pace of agricultural development has been slowed down by continued land uses without suitable technological and institutional changes .
- Despite the development of irrigation resources, the majority of farmers in many regions of the country still rely on the monsoon and natural fertility to sustain their agriculture.
- In India more than 60% of the population depends on agriculture for a living,
- It requires significant technical and institutional changes .
- Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation, and the abolition of zamindari was prioritized to bring about institutional reforms in the nation after Independence.
Reforms initiated by the government
- The fundamental objective of the first five-year plan was land reform.
- Land holdings had already become fragmented due to the inheritance right , resulting in the consolidation of land .
- land reform regulations were passed , but their implementation was not carried out well.
- In the 1960s and 1970s , the Indian government started implementing agricultural reforms to enhance Indian agriculture.
- Several initiatives were made to improve the state of Indian agriculture such as the green revolution and the White revolution (operation flood).
- In the 1980s and 1990s comprehensive land development program was started that encompassed both institutional and technical reforms.
- Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) were launched by the Indian government for the benefit of farmers.
- The government additionally establishes minimum support prices , remunerative and procurement prices to prevent farmers from getting exploited by middlemen and speculators.
