NCERT Question 6 - Chapter 9 Class 10 - Heredity and Evolution

Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

Answer:

1. Analogous Organs 

Their origin and structure are different but function is the same . So they are examples of Convergent Evolution .

• The structure of bat wings is skin stretched over elongated fingers.
• In birds , the arms (wing) is covered in feathers .
• These are called Analogous Characteristics .

2. Homologous Organs 

Their origin and structure is similar but their function is different.

This means they evolved differently from a common ancestor . This is known as Divergent Evolution . 

Example:

• The basic structure of the limbs of frogs, lizards, birds and humans is the same .
• But, their functions are different .
• Hence they are Homologous characteristics.