Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

• The hydrocarbons (i.e. the carbon and hydrogen containing compounds) which have only single bonds between all the carbon atoms are known as saturated hydrocarbons .
• They are known as alkanes.
• Due to the presence of only single bonds, they are less reactive and more stable .
• They have a higher melting and boiling point because of the close packing of molecules.
• The hydrogen atoms present in these compounds can be replaced by some other atoms which is known as a substitution reaction.
  

• They undergo complete combustion on burning and produce non-sooty, blue flame.
• Eg. Butane

• In unsaturated hydrocarbons, apart from single bonds, double and triple covalent bonds are also present between carbon atoms.
• The hydrocarbons having C-C double bonds are called alkene and the ones with C-C triple bonds are called alkynes.
• They are comparatively more reactive and less stable .
• They have a lower melting point because of the presence of double and triple bonds due to which close packing is not possible.
• These compounds undergo addition reactions wherein addition of atoms takes place over double bond.

• They undergo incomplete combustion on burning and produce yellow, sooty flame . 
• Butene, Butyne