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(a) Compare soaps and detergents on the basis of their composition and cleansing action in hard water.
(b) What happens when ethanol is treated with sodium metal? State the behaviour of ethanol in this reaction.
(c) Draw the structure of cyclohexane.
(d) Name the following compound.
Answer
(a)
|
Property |
Soaps |
Detergents |
|
Composition |
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acid/carboxylic acids. |
Detergents are long chain ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain fatty. |
|
Cleansing action in hard water |
They are not able to work in hard water because the Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions present in hard water react with soap to form a white sticky substance called scum. | They work well in both hard water and soft water. |
(b) Ethanol reacts with sodium metal to produce sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This salt is colorless and soluble in water.
The reaction that takes place is:
This reaction is used to test the presence of ethanol or alcohol because the hydrogen gas that is released burns with a pop sound so can be detected.
(c) Structure of cyclohexane:
(d) The compound is ethanal.
